Common Type Of Diabetes - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 6 Words: 1729 Downloads: 3 Date added: 2019/05/07 Category Health Essay Level High school Tags: Diabetes Essay Did you like this example? Abstract This essay details the causes of type 2 diabetes and describes what kind of behavior can effectively improve or prevent type 2 diabetes. The essay cites three studies to prove that physical status, especially obesity increases the likelihood of having diabetes. Secondly, psychological pressure and eating habits are among the influencing factors. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Common Type Of Diabetes" essay for you Create order In addition to medical treatment for type 2 diabetes patients, there are many ways to effectively help and overcome the disorders. For example, with a reasonable diet and trying to avoid high cholesterol food. Keeping exercising but do not exercise too intensely. Maintaining a healthy state and mindset is also essential. Keywords: type 2 diabetes, obesity, etiology, exercise habits, lifestyle. OBESE ELDERLY AND T2DM 3 Part 1 If assume that my family member has a high chance of type 2 diabetes, and doctors recommend proper management of the lifestyle. After understanding and analysis of the life habits, I find that when life is busy, there is not much time and effort spent on diet for the family member. So ignoring breakfast or fast food became a substitute. And there is no time for exercise, inactive has become the state of life. In my nutrition class, I learned that the causes of type 2 diabetes may be affected. For psychological stress, the instability or panic caused the blood glucose and blood lipids to fluctuate, which affected the normal operation of insulin. When the emotions are reasonably controlled, insulin will play a normal role. Type 2 diabetes is a common type of diabetes. Unlike type 1 diabetes, it does not mean to say that the bodys immune system is destroyed. It states that the body can still produce insulin, but it cannot be effectively used, which means it will be resisted. For some people, there may be too much insulin in the body, so it needs to be treated by oral means. Insulin is a hormone that is secreted by cells in the pancreas. It also has metabolic effects on sugar, and can promote the consumption, storage and utilization of sugar. For people with diabetes, if the blood sugar level in the body is already too high, the condition will increase. And also Insulin is the only factor that can lower blood sugar. Part 2 Obesity is one reason that causes type 2 diabetes, because high blood sugar has caused damage of the muscles in the long-term. Blood glucose consumption has not been saved, but has OBESE ELDERLY AND T2DM 4 Although long-term injection of insulin can promote the synthesis of fat, it still prevents the decomposition of fat. So the symptoms of obesity in patients are getting worse. So for adults or older people, the lifestyle changes and the physical activity decreases. At the same time, rising living standards have changed the eating diet, so they consume too much energy. So they have a higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes. In the fourth unit of the book, the author makes a clear picture of the increasing number of obese people in recent years Nyamdorj, 2012). From the chart, it also shows that obesity is almost a third in the United States. Figure 1: Adult prevalence (%) of obesity (BMI †° 30 kg/m 2 ) measured by trained observers. OBESE ELDERLY AND T2DM 5 As peoples age increases, social status and family status continue to change. At the same time, peoples moods will be ups and downs. When emotions are unstable and stress increases, people are particularly prone to impatience, which leads to endocrine disorders and elevated blood sugar. This is also a cause of type 2 diabetes. Due to the continuous advancement of science and technology and the improvement of medical conditions, people are paying more and more attention to the problem of type 2diabetes. It is complex and may be caused by a combination of factors. Obesity is a major factor in causing type 2 diabetes. People with BMI greater than 30 are obese. According to the article, it states that obesity is a feature of the new era, and the incidence of diabetes is also increasing. More than one-third of people in the United States suffer from obesity. This article also mentioned that in addition to the degree of obesity can have an impact on diabetes, the location of fat accumulation also has an impact. Increased abdominal fat is reflected in the abdominal circumference and waist and hip. (Eckel et al. , 2011) Therefore, for obese people, especially if the upper body is too obese, it will lead to an increase in visceral fat, and it is even more unfavorable for insulin to maintain normal blood sugar. Instead, it will produce resistance and lead to type 2 diabetes. It is extremely important to maintain a healthful weight. Obesity is an illness and can increase the probability that people have diabetes. So what can lead to obesity? Some people may say that their family members are not overweight but they are obese. In fact, there are many causes of obesity, which may be environmental factors, endocrine factors, or genetic factors. In the article, there is a certain close relationship between obesity and hyperinsulinemia. When the body is resistant to insulin, in order to maintain normal OBESE ELDERLY AND T2DM 6 blood glucose levels, it will lead to an increase in the amount of   cells to help lower blood sugar. (Eckel et al. , 2011) So it means that when people eat food and replenish energy, a lot of nutrients like carbohydrates and proteins are absorbed through the digestive system and transformed in the body. When the   cells begin to secrete insulin, blood sugar levels remain normal. But if people eat too much, excess nutrients are stored, which can lead to weight gain. Obesity particularly affects the health of adults. If it is overweight, it can cause chronic health problems. In the survey, Kitada et al. (2018) shows that diabetes is associated with more complications. For example, there are kidney disease, cardiovascular disease and more disease. And patients with diabetic nephropathy have a higher prevalence and increase mortality. The mutual influence between diseases poses a great danger to the patients health. As a high-risk cause of diabetes, obesity should be controlled to ensure the health of patients. Although diabetes can not be radically cured and healed, physical activity can be used to intervene and effectively improve the condition. Part 3 Control of diabetes is not limited to injecting drugs. Although medication can effectively improve the condition, long-term injections can have a side effect. The accumulation of fat leads to weight gain. It is not conducive to the improvement of diabetes. On the contrary, proper weight control is necessary. For weight control, there are references to weight loss in the article. However, this behavior is still inappropriate, and if the drug is stopped, it can cause a rebound effect or be taken regularly, which can cause serious injury to the body.The article also suggests that self-monitoring should be used to improve the balance between diet and exercise.   OBESE ELDERLY AND T2DM 7 example, reduce fat and carbohydrate intake. (Eckel et al. , 2011) So, as mentioned in the article, self-monitoring is a guarantee of health. Regular blood glucose monitoring is necessary. In particular, take measurements before meals and keep body in check. This means controlling weight and starting from the ground up. It is necessary to strictly control the diet and try to achieve reasonable nutrition. Patients should also have small meals and   regular meals. For breakfast, high-fiber foods are more conducive to intake of sugar, such as steamed bread, high-fiber biscuits and so on. Lunch requires nutritious food, but the fat content cannot be too high. Fish, chicken and pasta can be properly prepared. The habit of drinking alcohol and smoking should be stopped and the increase of cholesterol should be avoided. Physical exercise is also an effective way to help obese diabetics lose weight. However, to avoid excessively intense exercise, we can choose to exercise with endurance. For example, after a meal, we can take a walk and play Tai Chi. It is best to exercise with our family. And adding water in a timely manner. It is a long-term behavior to improve the condition of diabetes by controlling weight or losing weight. It is necessary to pay more patience for exercise. OBESE ELDERLY AND T2DM 8 Reflection At the time of writing this essay, the easier part to write is the specific implementation plan for prevention or improvement of type 2 diabetes. Because after understanding the etiology of type 2 diabetes, it can be based on the cause of the disease to further study how to reduce the prevalence rate or to control the development of the disease. For example, in addition to drug treatment, maintaining a healthy state of mind and reducing psychological pressure.When attention to maintaining blood pressure and the stabilization of blood glucose levels that can effectively help relieve symptoms. For the first part of the article, it is difficult for me to assume that the cause of the family members illness or if any behaviors be able to make some changes in the disease. Because I dont have enough information about type 2 diabetes. I could hardly have a deep understanding of type 2 diabetes except what I learned in class. And I can not be determined other factors such as genetic and obesity. When making hypotheses about a certain behavior, it is difficult for me to determine whether this behavior can actually help with type 2 diabetes. It is necessary to make assumptions or bold conjectures on a topic or research, but for me later research and data collection are more important. This can help me understand more deeply and find a reasonable solution that is of great help. So in the same situation afterwards, I will try to spend more time reading or consulting experienced people to obtain effective information. References Eckel, R. H., Kahn, S. E., Ferrannini, E., Goldfine, A. B., Nathan, D. M., Schwartz, M. W., Smith, S. R. (2011). Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes: What Can Be Unified and What Needs to Be Individualized?  The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism,  96(6), 1654â€Å"1663. https://doi.org/ 10.1210/jc.2011-0585 Kitada, M., Ogura, Y., Suzuki, T., Monno, I., Kanasaki, K., Watanabe, A., Koya, D. (2018). A low-protein diet exerts a beneficial effect on diabetic status and prevents diabetic nephropathy in Wistar fatty rats, an animal model of type 2 diabetes and obesity.   Nutrition Metabolism,  15, Nutrition Metabolism, 2018, Vol.15. Nyamdorj, R. (2012). Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes. In Epidemiology of Type 2 Diabetes (Vol. 1, pp. 39-64). Bentham Science.

Discussions on the Definition and History of Heresy in...

Heresy: A History of Defending the Truth written by Alister E. McGrath discusses the issue of heresy within the context of church history by dividing the book into three sections of equally important overviews. The first section reviews the definition of heresy by stating heresy as form of Christian belief that, more by accident than design, ultimately ends up subverting, destabilizing, or even destroying the core of Christian faith† (12). Rather than seeing heresy as originating from those who are unbelievers, it is contrastingly begun by those who claim to be Christians in the church and develop misrepresentative and misleading ideas or concepts regarding important Christian principles by no intention of their own, causing other Christians in the church to be led away from significant and core biblical truths. â€Å"For many, heresy is now seen as a theological victim, a set of noble ideas that have been brutally crushed and improperly suppressed by dominant orthodoxies and then presented as if they were devious, dishonest, or diabolical† (6). McGrath understands that in today’s western culture, heresy may be considered to be of interest and valued, maybe even accepted in some circles due to a â€Å"shift in the cultural mood† (1). McGrath states, â€Å"Today, people eagerly vaunt themselves as heretics, hoping that they will thereby prove interesting: for what does a heretic mean today but an original mind, a man who thinks for himself and spurns creeds and dogmas?† (2). Concerning,

The problem of anti Americanism Free Essays

Terrorism has always been a major issue in the world. Every country is trying to put some measures to stop the act of terrorism. There are some remedies that have been put in place to stop terrorism. We will write a custom essay sample on The problem of anti Americanism or any similar topic only for you Order Now The problem of anti Americanism is believed to be the cause of terrorism attacks. Introduction The problem of anti-Americanism is a very serious matter and it occurs because people try to be resistant or try to blame America for all its actions. People world over believe that every action Americans take is for the purpose of taking control of other countries for selfish gain and interests. The resistance takes place when non-Americans want to conserve their beliefs and national interests, and do not want to be influenced by the Americans. People put their blame on the Americans because they are jealous and do not want Americans to continue being prosperous (Hoffman, 1998). People should be accountable for inciting violence when they glorify violent acts against America but themselves do not engage in it in order to put a stop to terrorism. Such people invest a lot of money to destroy other people’s lives and in fact they should be more punished than the people who physically carry out the acts of terrorism. They are the people who do not want to stop terrorism. (Hoffman, 1998) There are various remedies that are available to the government to deal with schools, mosques, and charities that indirectly support terrorism while not actually engaging in it. There are some laws that have been enacted to counteract terrorism. The laws are divided into several categories like financial act laws, terrorism act laws, airport and transport act laws and the USA patriot act laws. The remedies should be death for those found guilty of terrorism including increased budgetary allocation to the Security budget that will help not only counter any acts of terror but gather intelligence that will help forestall any threat way before it happens (Hoffman 1998). Reference: Hoffman, Bruce (1998)†Inside Terrorism† Columbia University Press How to cite The problem of anti Americanism, Papers

HIV Virus Essay Example For Students

HIV Virus Essay The Invisible Tyrants A Brief History of the H.I.V. Virus February 27th, 1994 Frank Mancini emailprotected Supposedly 1.6 million years have passed since the earliest human like ancestors. 250,000 years since the earliest Homo Sapiens and 1962 years since Jesus Christ was executed. Although not everyone agrees on whether the existence of Christ is true or not, that is what the standard calendar defining days and time is based upon and that is the way we deal economically and politically worldwide. Millions of years have passed, civilizations have appeared and disappeared, we have had harmonious as well as destructive societies and fought for the evil and the good. Dictators have come and gone and missions out of this world have been accomplished, from walks on the moon to the launch of dozens of satellites scattered throughout the universe. We call it progress, evolution, intellectual advancement. Although in some parts of the world we still have wars being fought and dictators in power, there are other societies which consider themselves at the peak of evolution and progress, these societies are part of the first world and western civilization. They are able to create state of the art automobiles, luxurious homes, efficient and organized industries, automated and complex computerized machinery and atomic weapons. Most of these humans are governed by a democratic system and a belief of freedom. This first world like the third world is also populated by Dictators with the only difference that they are special, unseen a naked eyes, they are invisible and invincible. These invisible tyrants are called microorganisms. Underdeveloped countries as well as developed countries are at the mercy of the invisible tyrants which come in the form of: Viruses, Bacteria, Fungi and Parasites. The most dangerous of these is the Virus, some with limited powers such as the flu is able of enslaving humans to a week or two of soreness, stuffy nose and may lead up to minor bronchial complication. Then there is a more controlling, severe, non-discriminating, merciless tyrant with enormous corrupting influences infiltrate all of civilization rising mountains of sorrow and oceans of pain Its not just submicroscopic pathogens consisting of a particle of nucleic acid enclosed in proteins and able to replicate only within a living cell. Its more complex and responsible for the enormous chaos and fear in the world today, bringing outward the basic faults of us humans, placing in the light our lack of awareness and abundance of ignorance. This complex and confusing Dictator, king of all tyrants is called Human, Immunodeficiency, Virus or H.I.V. The H. I.V. its not just a virus, its a retrovirus and one of the few retroviruses found in humans. Retroviruses are commonly identified in many animal species but in Humans H.I.V. or its variants such as HTLV I, HTLV II, HTLV III are found. The only way this virus can be transmitted is through blood, semen and vaginal secretions. H.I.V. is a retrovirus of the Lentivirus group and is the etiologic agent of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS). Briefly AIDS was first recognized as a disease syndrome in 1981 and HIV was identified as its cause in 1984. Coincidentally viruses isolated by a French researcher Dr. Montgnier as (Lymphadenopathy-Associated Virus LAV) and by Dr. Gallo (HILV-III) and Levy (AIDS Related Retrovirus ARV) in the United States, they were all found to be identical and to be associated with AIDS. The virus is now known universally as HIV, its antibodies were found in serum drawn in parts of Africa in the early 1970 leading most investigators to believe that the disease originated in Africa and spread to the Caribbean and then to the United States, furthermore two strains of HIV have been identified, HIV-1 which is predominant isolate in clinical AIDS and found in central Africa and other regions in the world and HIV-2 which is generally limited to west and central Africa and has not demonstrated the virulence of HIV-1. Violence in Sports EssayI would like to point out that a more detailed and complete investigation is needed and that the possibilities of the HIV virus originating in Koprowskis using SIV infected cultures are high . Koprowsky definitely shows an incredible desire to secure a place in the Medicine Hall of Fame, from the way he initially used mentally deficient kids as guinea pigs for the purpose of accelerating the fine tuning of his vaccine. His way of not responding to the World Health Organization when challenged and his neglect to release the frozen cultures, leave me perplexed and confused. Another important piece of information is that Dr. Sabin in 1959 reported in the British Medical Journal that in a test he performed on Koprowski vaccine used in the Belgian Congo trials, was revealed the presence of an unidentified cell-killing virus, which Koprowsky totally disqualifies since two other labs examined his vaccine and found nothing knowing that Sabins results were gotten through a special test he had devised since he was the expert and was working with monkeys since 1932. Could such a mistake or lack of consideration and non acceptance of other colleagues advises be our last sin of human Ego possibly responsible for the 15,000,000 people that will be terminally infected with AIDS in this world by the year 2000 ?An enormous lack of awareness and denial is now present, not just in our American society but moreover in countries of the Eastern block as well as in the Indian and African continents. We can very well disqualify this disease as being an Homosexual disease since throughout the world is mainly present in the Heterosexual community and the only reasons that is prevalent in the Homosexual community is due to the mode of transmission which homosexual behavior drastically increases. Our problems with this disease are manly of stigmatization and discrimination, some people say education is also a problem but I think that the infrastructure of our educational system is extremely valid and far better than other countries it is perhaps the flow of this information that could be enhanced in order to make more people aware of these facts and therefore decrease the amount of stigmatization and discrimination caused by the poor flow of it. These problems do not surpass the problems of poor health care, education and prevention which are experienced by the rest of the world. For example in Calcutta, Budapest or Nairobi condoms are not easily accessible of affordable as they are in Los Angeles. This Invisible Tyrant is so dominant and strong to make us change the basic values of Make Love not War, now twisted in an anxious cry of Make Love and Die. It is sad that this time in our generation is bringing about the true evils of our basic human nature which has been for so long hidden in the political dust caused by this fast, accomplishing and progressive machine called modern society. These evils will cause a great deal of pain and sorrow, lets not go around preaching that homosexuals are to blame nor anyone else. Reason and evaluate the true math of the facts and adapt to a way of life in order to minimize further casualties. Declare war on HIV, be smarter than it is, educate and prevent and let us not waste time on stigmatizing nor discriminating, we are already doing plenty of it in other fields. Moral awareness should also be increased in an effort to have better use of the education we possess. Doctors with endless knowledge and years in medical school, to this date they refuse to treat HIV positive and AIDS patients as reported in recent surveys 5% of the medical profession are treating 90% of AIDS patients. I could continue to write endlessly in regards to all the different facets of this unworthy diamond but for the readers sake since this is not a book I must bring it to a conclusion. In lue from the information learned from this class and the listed bibliography, the chances to find cures for retroviruses and especially for the HIV virus are less likely to come about than it is for the virus itself evolving to a less virulent non deadly form. Since the HIV virus exploits each hosts DNA, every virus will have a different genetic brake down and therefore making it difficult for researchers to have an history on the virus itself. It reminds me of a movie The Body Snatchers, once presented by The Twilight Zone, youll never know who the body snatcher really is until the body has been snatched and than is half body half snatcher. All microorganisms and organisms go through evolution and therefore mutation, the hope is that it will mutate to a less virulent state to eventually coexist silently with humans as SIV does with African green monkeys. In the meantime lets develop more effective drugs in an effort to further prolong the lives of the people already affected by this syndrome and although the chances for a cure is scarce never give up. This class has been extremely helpful in dealing not only with the AIDS epidemic but also gave me some type of preparation in the confronting social crisis it brings an will increasingly bring about. It is my duty to pass along everything I have learned, to my family, friends and just about anyone I will come in contact with, in an effort to educate and elevate their level of awareness to a new survival standard. Since a few weeks ago I was not aware of it and ignorant of it. BIBLIOGRAPHY:Tom Curtis. Rolling Stone Magazine, March 19th, 1992 pg 54. David T. Kingsbury, and Gerald E. Wagner. The National Medical Series for Independent Study. Microbiology. Publisher: John Wiley ; Son, Inc. 1990.

Johnson and Johnson Case Study

Table of Contents List the Alternatives Analyze the alternatives in the case Recommendations Works Cited Johnson and Johnson being one of the largest pharmaceutical companies in United States, has experienced growth within its’ various sections. The firm hasn’t been so much affected by the expiry of patents on drugs since it took the necessary precautions and still experiences high sales. The new manager of JJ has the challenge of maintaining the high level of sales during his tenure (Johlke and Duhan 265-267). The company faces new rivalry from the market that has seen its sales slowing down.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Johnson and Johnson Case Study specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Its’ new invention, drug-coated stent, has been held for a long time by the Food and Drug Administration and possibly will face fierce competition from Boston Scientific Corporation whose stent is preferr ed in the market. This is because JJ stent is highly priced and medical personnel say that its’ use is so much involving as compared to the rest. The rate at which the company acquires assets has also declined over the past few years (Barret 177-182). List the Alternatives The firm has to embark on increasing the rate of acquiring assets and building of small businesses. These business enterprises must be given full independence on strategy implementation and financial control. Instead of waiting for the approval of one drug, Waldo should drive the company towards scientific advancement that will enable innovation of other drugs. Besides dealing with drugs, the company should look into how they can also produce other medical devices. Good communication network should be established between the firm and its constituent businesses. This should be for accountability purposes and enhancement of all the company’s operations (Kohli 53-8). Analyze the alternatives in the case The firm only managed to buy fifty two businesses over a period of ten years. This is not convincing since its below the expectations of a big company such as JJ. Improvement in the research and development will enable the company to expand its capacity to accommodate more employees and also improving on its ability to produce quality products. Currently the company employs approximately nine thousand three hundred scientists within its labs (Barret 177-182). Forming partnership with other related companies will interfere with JJ independent nature that it has enjoyed for several years. The increased sales from the sale of brand will mean that the company commands a big percentage of the customer base (Cravens and Piercy 2009). The firm needs to work on the projects that will enable it offer extra services and enable them reduce on the cost of production. This might as well be linked to the company’s’ researchers working on an invention that enables easy prediction an d identification of those suffering from certain diseases like cancer.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The brand of the company should also be designed to depict the firm’s scientific nature; this will assist in luring consumers hence promoting the products sales (Grà ¶nroos 3-12). The use of this idea was practically experimented in the year 2002 and the results were positive since the sales increased by 4.9% from the year 2000 (Barret 177-182). Recommendations In order to improve on its research and development programs, JJ should form partnership with other related companies since it will help in cost sharing and also improvement of drug output and quality. The manager needs to recruit aggressive sales personnel who will attack the market from every corner applying appropriately the elements of the market mix. This will ensure that their competitors are not given enough space to device new strategies. Works Cited Barret, Amy. â€Å"Staying on Top: Johnson and Johnson case Study†. Business week, May 6 (2003): 177-182 Cravens, David and Piercy, Nigel. â€Å"Strategic Marketing†. McGraw Hill. 9th edition. 2009. Grà ¶nroos, Christian. â€Å"Relationship Approach to Marketing in Service Contexts: The Marketing and Organisational Behavior Interface†. Journal of Business Research, Vol. 20, (1982): 3-12. Johlke, Mark and Dale Duhan. â€Å"Testing Competing Models of Sales Force Communication†. Journal of Personal Selling Sales Management. Vol. 21 (4), (2000): 265-277. Kohli, Jaworski. â€Å"Market orientation: Antecedents and consequences†. Journal of Marketing, 57, (3) (1993): 53-81.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Johnson and Johnson Case Study specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This essay on Johnson and Johnson Case Study was written and submitted by user Keira Reid to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Nectar In a Sieve essays

Nectar In a Sieve essays Nectar in a Sieve is a wonderful novel; the author of this book is Kamala Markandaya. Rukmani is very sociable, she has wonderful physical features and shes psychological. You see this whole new world through the eyes of one lady named Rukmani. She is a very hard-working wife and mother. She does everything for her children. As a literate woman she adjusts to the role of a poor mans wife. Ruku grew up through this book because of her role of a poor mans wife. I see her as a medium height for her time and not heavy at all. All of the malnutrition caused her to be under-weight. She has a nice amount of clothes she wears each day, but not too much. She is a very sociable person and trys to wear her best outfits when she goes out. In the beginning she felt a little uneasy but eventually got use to everything. She lives under class but adapted to this kind of living. Ruku enjoys working in her garden to give her family extra food. She also works in the rice paddy outside of their hut. For her time being educated is a great advantage. She could read and write. Her home life was good but they were poor. She always puts her family first and does what she can for them so they can get by. She is a very easygoing woman and always works for her family. She never complains about being a poor mans wife. She doesnt have mood swings or becomes tempered. She looks positive towards life and doesnt have any mental problems. Extroverts are very out going. Ruku can be considered an extrovert. When she doesnt agree on something she immediately speaks her mind and voices her opinion but in a very sweet and gentle way. Ruku is a very sweet lady even when she voices her opinion on everything. She narrates this entire trip of her life to us in a very fashionable way. Ruku is a lovely character in this novel and works hard to get the best out of life. She shows her kids the wor ...

Most important figure in American History Essay

Most important figure in American History - Essay Example "And it may be truly said, that never did nature and fortune combine more perfectly to make a man great" - Jefferson (Hawkinson, 2005: 243). Washington served in the American Revolutionary War as a commander in the Continental Army. He had been appointed in 1775 as Commander-in-Chief of the American revolutionary forces by the Continental Congress. The next year it was due to him that the British were driven out of Boston. He also failed New York City that same year plus went across the Delaware River in New Jersey. He astonished and defeated the enemy units. It was because of his tactics that the Revolutionary forces were able to capture the two major British combat armies at Saratoga and Yorktown. When the war was over Washington went back to his private life which prompted the surprised King George III to say, "If he does that, he will be the greatest man in the world" (Higginbotham, 2001: 221). Washington presided over the Philadelphia Convention which was responsible for drafting the Constitution of America due to there being mutual discontent with the Articles of Confederation. This happened in 1787 and two years later he became the president of the country (Freidel, 1994). Following his presidency he set up several customs and a using of the novel government's executive department. Washington attempted at creating a country that would have the capability of surviving in a world that was going down due to the ongoing war between Britain and France. He was in favor of plans for building a powerful central government which could be done if funded through the national debt, if there was an implementation of an efficient tax mechanism, and also through the creation of a national bank. Instead of going for war, Washington peacefully negotiated with Britain through the Jay Treaty in 1795. Washington was in favor of the programs organized by the Federalist Party but never actua lly joined the group. Washington is a great figure in American history and is perceived to be the country's identification plus said to be republicanism with regard to his practices. The early American politicians admired Washington greatly. He was given the first award of Congressional Gold Medal with the Thanks of Congress. Washington expired in the year 1799. Several scholars have named him as one of the greatest Presidents of United States. Biography Washington was born in the February of 1732 (Leibiger, 2001). His father passed away when he was 11 and his half brother assumed the part of his father. Washington experienced a lot of protectiveness and demand from his mother who did not allow him to join the British navy as Lawrence, his brother, wanted. When Washington was 16 he went on to live with Lawrence on Mount Vernon. He had his schooling at Colonial Virginia but did not go to college. In 1749 Washington became the surveyor for Culpepper County, Virginia. This happened following a trek for Lord Fairfax. From 1752 till 1758 he was in the military after which the Virginia House of Burgesses elected him. His speeches were in opposition to Britain's policies. Then he even became a leader in the Association. From 1775-1783 Washington led the Continental Army during the American Revolution after which, in 1787, he was made the president of the Constitutional Convention. Although

PICOT ASSIGNMENT#2 ( WILL SEND SPECIFIC INFORMATION) Research Paper

PICOT ASSIGNMENT#2 ( WILL SEND SPECIFIC INFORMATION) - Research Paper Example This is through the review of literature using the PICOT question, in which case it is essential in looking for evidence that supports an intervention (Vollman, 2010). The picot question involves the following elements The intubation procedure should involve the gas exchange, the hemodynamic and the neurologic care, in which case they are essential in critically ill patients (Vollman, 2010). The evidence provided is quite of high level and results in answering the PICOT questions. The application of CLRT is quite easier to maintain, and hence, the application of CLRT leads to prevention of atelectasis than it restores the alveolar patency. The inclusion criteria included all the search results, in which case it had to contain continuous lateral therapy and lung injury, lung complications and ARDS (Davis et al., 2001). The pulmonary complications are the most frequent in mortality and morbidity in critically, ill patients. Studies by the Institute for Healthcare Improvement have had to find that the ventilator-associated pneumonia is leading in the cause of hospital morbidity and mortality. Nurses have even had to implement a two-hour turning of patients in order that they prevent the complications. Despite the continued use of such strategies, there has been no significant improvement in the effectiveness of pulmonary complications. As part of the progressive mobility, the Continuous Lateral Rotation Therapy (CLRT) has been in use in order to reduce the pulmonary complications that have had to result from immobility. The therapy was through continuous motion-bed frames, in which case helps rotate the patient from one side to another. Such strategy is quite effective in improving the pulmonary outcomes in critically ill patients (Dollovich, et al, 1998). Mobilization of patients is quite an accepted practice that helps to reduce the effect of prolonged bed rest. Sometimes it is quite difficult to mobilize patients during the early acute phase

Classical Conditioning At Work (Pschology) Essay

Classical Conditioning At Work (Pschology) - Essay Example 3. The smell of the food is the Unconditioned Stimulus and Kyle’s hunger and drooling is the Unconditioned Response. The ring of the Microwave, which is associated with the food, is the Conditioned Stimulus and Kyle drooling whenever the bell rings is the Conditioned Response. 4. Lucy’s cousin’s scream and cry and dragging Lucy brutally into the house while playing is the Unconditioned Stimulus and Lucy’s fear is the Unconditioned Response. The proposition of playing outside later becomes the Conditioned Stimulus and Lucy’s fear of ‘wasps’ associated with playing is the Conditioned Response. 5. The situation in which Pooyi had to give a speech in the English class is the Unconditioned Stimulus. Pooyi getting nervous and fearing that she would be sick is the Unconditioned Response. The fact that Barbara was sitting in the front row with too much Passion perfume makes the smell of the Passion perfume the Conditioned Stimulus and Pooyi feeling extremely nervous and sick to her stomach every time she smells Passion perfume is the Conditioned Response. 6. The electric razor shorting out and burning the chin of Moussa is the Unconditioned Stimulus. The pain and shock Moussa must have experienced then is the Unconditioned Response. Situations where Moussa has to handle electric toasters, coffee makers and toaster ovens are instances of Conditioned Stimulus and Moussa’s fear of them is the Conditioned Response. 7. The electric shock is the Unconditioned Stimulus and the cat’s shock and pain is the Unconditioned Response. The blue light that was paired with the electric shocks is the Conditioned Stimulus and the cat’s heart racing when the blue light is presented is the Conditioned Response. 8. The sickness that Juma felt is the Unconditioned Stimulus and her suffering is the Unconditioned Response. The meatballs

Much Ado About Nothing

Much Ado About Nothing Much Ado About Nothing has a very similar style to our contemporary romantic comedy. And while the romance and obstacles to the union of Claudio and Hero form the main plot, the action in Much Ado About Nothing is mainly about Benedick and Beatrice, and their relationship. That sub-plot is about the merry war of the sexes between Beatrice and Benedick who are not teenagers, but possibly in their late twenties or older (Lukacs 92). This merry war (Much Ado About Nothing I.i.56) between the two is given through their witty word play: Benedick. What, my dear Lady Disdain! are you yet living? Beatrice. Is it possible disdain should die while she hath such meet food to feed it as Signior Benedick? Courtesy itself must convert to disdain, if you come in her presence. Benedick. Then is courtesy a turncoat. But it is certain I am loved of all ladies, only you excepted: and I would I could find in my heart that I had not a hard heart; for, truly, I love none. Beatrice. A dear happiness to women: they would else have been troubled with a pernicious suitor. (Much Ado About Nothing I. i. 111-120) The play suggests that Beatrice was in love with Benedick before the play but he had deceived her and their relationship ended. Benedick now claims that he will never get married. Beatrice is an intelligent girl. Meader asserts that Most of Shakespeares lovers appear to fall in love at the first meeting and that Beatrice who has apparently been in love with Benedick before the action of Much Ado About Nothing, may have had formal courtship earlier (Meader 82): Pedro. Come, lady, come; you have lost the heart of Signior Benedick. Beatrice. Indeed, my lord, he lent it me a while; and I gave him use for it, a double heart for his single one: marry, once before he won it of me with false dice, therefore your grace may well say I have lost it. (Much Ado About Nothing II.i.266-272) Whenever Beatrice and Benedick come together, they seem to have a fight through their witty insults. They are as if competing in intelligence. Beatrice, like Benedick, does not want to marry which is because she has not yet found the right man and because she does not want to give up her freedom with marriage. According to Benedick, a man who gets married will wear his cap with suspicion (I.i.184), and will have doubts that his wife has once had other lovers. He says, if the Count marries, the Count will thrust [his] neck into a yoke, wear the print of it and sigh away Sundays (I.i.186-87) (Friedman 78). Benedick speaks ill of marriage in the following lines: The savage bull may; but if ever the sensible Benedick bear it, pluck off the bulls horns and set them in my forehead; and let me be vilely painted; and in such great letters as they write, Here is good horse to hire let them signify under my sign, Here you may see Benedick, the married man. (Much Ado About Nothing I.i.246-252) He imagines himself with horns on his head. Cuckoldry was very typical in the Renaissance He is worried that he will be cheated by women if he gets married. Friedman explains it as: Benedicks fears of cuckoldry and emasculation through marriage tend to be confirmed by Beatrice, whom Don Pedro has picked out as an excellent wife for Benedick (2.1.329) Beatrice speaks openly and sharply of her preferences in a spouse, which draws the disapproval of her uncles Leonato and Antonio, who complain that she is shrewd of [her] tongue and too curst (2.1.17-18). Beatrice implies that, were she to marry, she would make her partner a cuckold, for she claims that she will have no horns only if God sends her no husband (2.1.23-24). (Friedman 81) As for Beatrice, her irreluctancy for marriage is stated as follows What should I do with him? dress him in my apparel, and make him my waiting-gentlewoman? He that hath a beard is more than a youth; and he that hath no beard is less than a man: and he that is more than a youth is not for me; and he that is less than a man, I am not for him.(Much Ado About Nothing II.i.33-38) Through these lines, Beatrice explains why she should not marry. The reason for this is that there is no equal man for her. Beatrice states that she could not endure a masculine husband with a beard on his face (2.1.26-27), but a husband that hath no beard, who is therefore less than a man, is only fit to be dressed in womens apparel and employed as her waiting-gentlewoman (2.1.29-33) (Friedman 81). Both Benedick and Beatrice seem to avoid marriage. As Benedick says it is certain / I am loved of all ladies, only you excepted: and I could find it in my heart that I had not a hard heart; for, truly, I love none (Much Ado About Nothing I.i.116-119), Beatrice mocks him saying I had rather hear my dog bark at a crow / than a man swear he loves me (Much Ado About Nothing I.i.123-124). While Claudio and Don Pedro play a trick on Benedick in Act II scene iii, Ursula and Hero do the same on Beatrice in Act III scene i. Those tricks are intentioned to make the two fall in love with each other. The audience knows that neither Beatrice nor Benedick wants to get married. Their friends trick is useful at the end. They are both deceived to believe that one is in love with the other. In that case, Cahn states that the plays title word Nothing may be taken as a pun on noting, or overhearing, {since] much of the action involves eavesdropping and the partial discernment of truth (Cahn 629). Moreover, one must note that the overheard conversations are enough for both. According to Cahn, in many comedies of Shakespeare, love is influenced by perception and in Much Ado About Nothingin Act II scene iii, when Beatrice calls Benedick to dinner, Benedick manages in his own mind to twist her words so that they mean what he wants to hear (Cahn 636). At this time, it is apparent that wh ile she is not in love with him, Benedick [harbours] a secret love for Beatrice (Friedman 83). They are not actually deluded to think they are in love with each other; otherwise their friends tricks would not work since both of them are clever enough not to be deluded. They are actually trying to let them discover their present love to each other. Therefore, it is a kind of realization for both of them. Each decides to pity the other at first, however it is interesting they do it willingly. Benedick has made his decision to perform what the audience has long felt he has always wanted to do: pursue Beatrice (Cahn 636). He has now changed his mind and wants to marry Beatrice. Beatrice, on the other hand, has also decided to change her mind, as clear in her own words: Stand I condemned for pride and scorn so much? Contempt, farewell! and maiden pride, adieu! No glory lives behind the back of such. (Much Ado About Nothing III.i.109-112) In Act IV scene i when Benedick and Beatrice are left alone in the church together, they confess their love to each other. According to Lukacs By [Act IV scene i], Benedick and Beatrice are the mature responsible adults who must bring this play to a resolution (Lukacs 92). The tone changes, however, when Benedick says that he will do anything for Beatrice: Beatrices asking him to Kill Claudio (Much Ado About Nothing IV. i. 289) shocks Benedick. Benedicks refusal makes Beatrice angry since she believes that Claudio has insulted Hero. Benedick soon changes his mind and agrees to challenge his friend Claudio both for Heros and for Beatrices sake. What Beatrice has wanted Benedick marks Beatrice as a lady imposing a love test as Maisan states. Benedick has to choose between love and friendship (Maisan 165). Meader asserts that Benedick, urged on by his beloved Beatrice, challenges his best friend Claudio to a duel and that Courage was conspicuously an outward-looking virtue, as the Renai ssance valued it (Meader 76). Benedick is in fact known with his loyalty as a friend but his love for Beatrice becomes strong enough to challenge his friend to a fight and he soon challenges him to a duel. When Benedick accuses Claudio and Don Pedro for Heros death she has not really died but it is what they think, they think he is joking. Thus in Act V scene i, not only Heros innocence but also Benedicks loyalty to Benedick is proven. In Act V scene ii, Benedick tries to write poetry for Beatrice. However, he is not good at writing. What he can do best is simply his gentle insults which is also appealing to Beatrice. So they go on flirting and mocking each other. With the last scene of the play, Shakespeare brings a happy conclusion; both of the couples in the play will married (Claudio and Hero, and Benedick and Beatrice). Now Beatrice and Benedick are happy to get married. Their hatred of the institution of marriage is finally brought to an end. Although the trick is not the main reason for their uniting, it has really been effective. Lukacs summarizes the relationship between Beatrice and Benedick as: In the end, Beatrice and Benedick grow up and mature. The world in Much Ado About Nothing that was out of balance is reined in and balance is achieved. Maturity brings self-knowledge and Beatrice and Benedick shine in the end they are [now] husband and wife. Beatrice duels with her wits in order to assert herself. The eye contact, the hint of a smile, the fleeting glance, or hand gesture sustain their encounters as these two function as one witty unit. Beatrice exclaims O God, that I were a man! (4.1), but it is only when she reaches out to a man, Benedick, that she can defend her sisters honor and relinquish her alternate personae of a John Wayne-like character who strides about the stage in manly fashion, or of an immature schoolgirl. In the end, Much Ado About Nothing becomes much ado about everything that matters in life. (Lukacs 92) As a conclusion, Beatrice and Benedick have changed both in their attitudes towards the idea of marriage and towards each other since the beginning of the play. One can clearly notice the alikeness of their personalities which not only causes the merry war between them but also brings them together. The reason why Beatrice and Benedick could not go along with each other has been because each is too witty and intelligent. However, one must note that they will never get bored of each other while they are having their war so they are definetely a good match. Primary Source(s) Shakespeare, William. Much Ado About Nothing The Complete Works of William Shakespeare. Hertfordshire: 1996. Secondary Sources Cahn, Victor L. Shakespeare the Playwright: A Companion to the Complete Tragedies, Histories, Comedies, and Romances. Praeger: Westport, 1996. Friedman, Michael. The World Must Be Peopled: Shakespeares Comedies of Forgiveness. Fairleigh Dickinson University Press: Madison, NJ., 2002. Lukacs, Ann. Much Ado About Nothing Shakespeare Bulletin. Volume: 22. Issue: 1: University of West Georgia, 2004. Maisan, Thomas. Deforming Sources: Literary Antecedents and Their Traces in Much Ado about Nothing Shakespeare Studies. Volume: 31, Associated University Presses, 2003. Meader, William G. Courtship in Shakespeare: Its Relation to the Tradition of Courtly Love. Kings Crown Press: New York, 1954.

Women in the Workforce Essay -- Women in the Workplace 2015

The sight of a working woman today is not something that causes one to look twice. However, this was not always the case. It was a long struggle for women to get to where they are today, and there is still a long way to go. There were a few momentous occasions throughout history that caused a shift in the way women were viewed as workers, such as the need for workers during World War II, the Equal Pay Act, and the appointment of Sandra Day O’Connor to the Supreme Court. Women have made great strides in integrating themselves into the workforce alongside men and continue to do so today. Throughout much of history, women have been viewed as inferior to men. In the 1800s and early 1900s, women were not allowed to hold the same jobs or positions as men. In 1890, women made up only 5% of all doctors in the United States (â€Å"Women’s History in America†). The reason that women were not accepted into many professions was that traditionally they were supposed to marry young and start bearing children. This expectation kept them from going to school and studying to become doctors or lawyers. It also kept women at home doing domestic work and caring for children rather than working outside the home. There was a large increase of working women in 1917 when the U.S. entered World War I (â€Å"Women of the Century†). Unfortunately, once the war ended in 1918 many women left their jobs and returned to domestic work, where they stayed for years after. The jobs that women did occupy at this time were often in terrible factory conditions with meager wages. This reflects the image of women as inferior and undeserving of the same rights and status as men. Eventually women began to tire of being subservient to men and started to yearn for their rights.... ...mes.com. The New York Times. 8 October 2011. Web. 24 October 2012. New York Teacher. â€Å"Women’s Labor History Timeline: 1765- Present Day†. Nysut.org. NYSUT: A Union of Professionals. 3 March 2009. Web. 24 October 2012. Sorenson, Aja. â€Å"The Image and Reality of Women who Worked During World War II†. Www.nps.gov. National Park Service. Web. 1 November 2012. â€Å"Statistical Overview of Women in the Workplace†. www.catalyst.org. Catalyst. 19 June 2012. Web. 1 November 2012. United States Census Bureau. â€Å"Women in the Workforce†. Census.gov. United States Census Bureau. Web. 24 October 2012. â€Å"Women and Work After World War II†. www.pbs.org. PBS. Web. 31 October 2012. â€Å"Women of the Century†. School.discoveryeducation.com. Discovery Education. Web. 31 October 2012. â€Å"Women’s History in America†. www.wic.org. Women’s International Center. Web. 1 November 2012.

Passages for Comment

B. 1) It definitely gives me a clear indication of the weather conditions. In london it was very misty/foggy, but as she slowly left london behind it started to thin out and patches of blue Rosamond Lehman uses many of the ‘fabric' metaphors so we get to see how the mist looks, which is in turn, describes the mist/fog much better. â€Å"Lentil, saffron and fawn left behind.† The words Lentil, saffron and fawn are all brown, orangy earthy colours describing London as she leaves it behind. London is all very built up and the the buildings are all very brown and dreary (linking back to lentil) â€Å"†¦but then the woollen day clarified†¦Ã¢â‚¬  , the word ‘woollen' describes the mist/fog as wool which is a fabric that you cannot see through. The phrase, â€Å"†¦ drenched indigo muslin.† ‘Muslin' is a very transparent type of fabric, so the mist looks very see-through . This fabric indicates a lighter colour change and lifting mist outside. â€Å"The skies amorphous material began to quilt†¦Ã¢â‚¬  The skies amorphous material are the clouds, which are beginning to thin out. The patches of blue in the sky which contrast to the white clouds are indeed like a quilt, with many patches here and there. 2) It could also be describing the condition she is in and the way in which she is feeling. She has just woken up and heard the bad news, which has thrown her mind into overwind. The heavy mist/fog outside could mean that she is seriously worried as she is weighed down with worry and concern. She is still half asleep and as she sees the billowing mist, this gives us a sort of foggy appearance of what she is feeling like (like someone who has just woken up and cant distinguish anything properly). The ‘Muslin' fabric is telling us that her brain is not alert or sharp as she is looking, but not taking anything in. She is still in shock about the bad news and is still trying to wake up which further implies how she is feeling. C. 1) The sound and pace of the passage is very quick and fast flowing. Ernest Hemingway uses mainly two syllable words throughout, which adds to the already fast-flowing passage. This is vital in that the story needs to be quick, so that the character in the story can finish his book and so that we don't get bored with the story line. 2) â€Å"All you have to do is write one true sentence†¦Ã¢â‚¬  I think what Hemingway is saying is that all you need to do is to write a proper, structured sentence in order to get your story flowing again. A ‘true' sentence shows instead of tells, uses the five senses, uses strong active verbs, does not repeat oneself, doesn't use unnecessary words and uses metaphors and word pictures. That is a ‘true' sentence in which Hemingway describes. 3) I think that everyone has there own outlook on life, so we therefore all have different opinions on what something means. When Hemingway says that metaphorical language is ‘ornamental', i have to agree with him, because it is a way of flowering up something and it makes people use their own imagination. Thus, all the metaphors will be will be completely different and mean other things to other people. I do associate transparent language to truthfulness because you don't have to use your own imagination as all the facts are there. It doesn't use any many metaphors as there is literally only one layer of depth to something. I don't think that metaphorical language gets between reality and the reader. All people have different thoughts on the metaphors etc. So the outcome of one extract will be different to that off others.

I Believe Essay Essay Example

I Believe Essay Essay Example I Believe Essay Essay I Believe Essay Essay This I believe speech Everyone who has ever been in high school has heard the saying, Live like there is no tomorrow. This saying is used to remind all generations nothing lasts forever. Each generation comes up with a curative way of saying this, from Carpe Diem to Yolo everyone understands what it means. Living in the moment lets me get the most out of life while learning from the mistakes I make. There isnt a day that goes by when I dont ask myself if Im living my life to the fullest and in the smartest way possible. I never knew how short life could be until my mom received the phone call that changed my life. It was a normal Sunday afternoon, and I had spent the whole weekend with my best friend Rhylan. It had been about an hour since we had gotten back home from church, and my mom was on her way to pick me up. Everything had seemed normal when I got in the car until right before we turned out of the neighborhood. It was my aunt who had frantically called my mom. She said, Sherry just called; she said Daddy had a stroke, and theyre on the way to the hospital! My mom responded, What?! Im on my way now! Even though I was eavesdropping the entire time, I asked, Mommy what did she say? Where are we going?! She simply reiterated what she was told trying to be as calm as she could for me at least. At the time, I was young and naive I was an eighth grader and I was only thirteen years old. I had an idea of what a stroke was, but I was going off of my own theory which was that it was the end, and that my Papa, also known as my Grandpa, wasnt going to make it.; The next six months of my entire lif e revolved around Papa. That experience taught me more than I ever wanted to know about strokes and just how easily life can end. This moment was one of the scariest moments of my life. Luckily it wasnt the end. Im glad to say that my Papa recovered tremendously, and Im thankful for him being here today. After his minor setback, I learned to live as if there was no tomorrow by not taking everyone I love for granted. From that moment on, Ive started to show way more emotions than I have ever shared in my life because everyone wants to be loved. Living as if there was no tomorrow is easier said than done because I have a strong conscience. This is why I try to make smart decisions and still do everything I want to do with no regrets.;;

The Chemistry of Cyanide Poisoning and Why it Kills

The Chemistry of Cyanide Poisoning and Why it Kills Murder mysteries and spy novels often feature cyanide as a fast-acting poison, but you can be exposed to this toxin from everyday chemicals and even common foods. Have you ever wondered how cyanide poisons and kills people, how much it takes before its toxic, and whether there is a cure? Heres what you need to know. What Is Cyanide? The term cyanide refers to any chemical containing a carbon-nitrogen (CN) bond. Many substances contain cyanide, but not all of them are deadly poisons. Sodium cyanide (NaCN), potassium cyanide (KCN), hydrogen cyanide (HCN), and cyanogen chloride (CNCl) are lethal, but thousands of compounds called nitriles contain the cyanide group yet arent as toxic. In fact, you can find cyanide in nitriles used as pharmaceuticals, such as  citalopram (Celexa) and  cimetidine (Tagamet). Nitriles arent as dangerous because they dont readily release the CN- ion, which is the group that acts as a metabolic poison. How Cyanide Poisons In a nutshell, cyanide prevents cells from using oxygen to make energy molecules. The cyanide ion, CN-, binds to the iron atom in cytochrome C oxidase in the mitochondria of cells. It acts as an irreversible enzyme inhibitor, preventing cytochrome C oxidase from doing its job, which is to transport electrons to oxygen in the electron transport chain of aerobic cellular respiration. Without the ability to use oxygen, mitochondria cant produce the energy carrier adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Tissues that require this form of energy, such as heart muscle cells and nerve cells, quickly expend all their energy and start to die. When a large enough number of critical cells die, you die. Exposure to Cyanide Cyanide can be used as a poison or chemical warfare agent, but most people are exposed to it unintentionally. Some ways to be exposed to cyanide include: Eating  cassava, lima beans, yucca, bamboo shoots, sorghum,  or almondsEating apple seeds, cherry stones, apricot pits, or peach pitsSmoking cigarettesBurning plasticBurning coalInhaling smoke from a house fireIngesting  acetonitrile-based products are used to remove artificial nailsDrinking water, eating food, touching soil, or inhaling air that has been contaminatedExposure to rodenticide or other cyanide-containing pesticides Cyanide in fruits and vegetables is in the form of cyanogenic glycosides (cyanoglycosides). Sugars attach to these compounds through the process of glycosylation, forming free hydrogen cyanide. Many industrial processes involve compounds that contain cyanide or can react with water or air to produce it. Paper, textile, photochemical, plastics, mining, and metallurgy industries all may deal with cyanide. Some people report an odor of bitter almonds associated with cyanide, but not all toxic compounds produce the scent and not all people can smell it. Cyanide gas is less dense than air, so it will rise. Symptoms of Cyanide Poisoning Inhaling a high dose of cyanide gas rapidly causes unconsciousness and often death. Lower doses may be survivable, especially if immediate aid is provided. The symptoms of cyanide poisoning are similar to those displayed by other conditions or exposure to any of a number of chemicals, so dont assume cyanide is the cause. In any event, do remove yourself from the cause of exposure and seek immediate medical attention. Immediate Symptoms HeadacheDizzinessWeaknessConfusionFatigueLack of coordination Symptoms From Larger Doses or Longer Exposure Low blood pressureUnconsciousnessConvulsionsSlow heart rateLung damageRespiratory failureComa Death from poisoning usually results from respiratory or heart failure. A person exposed to cyanide may have cherry-red skin from high oxygen levels or a dark or blue coloring, from Prussian blue (iron binding to the cyanide ion). Also, skin and body fluids may give off an odor of almonds. How Much Cyanide Is Lethal? How much cyanide is too much depends on the route of exposure, the dose, and duration of exposure. Inhaled cyanide presents a greater risk than ingested cyanide. Skin contact is not as much of a concern (unless the cyanide has been mixed with DMSO), except touching the compound could lead to accidentally swallowing some of it. As a rough estimate, since lethal dose depends on the exact compound and several other factors, about half a gram of ingested cyanide will kill a 160-pound  adult. Unconsciousness, followed by death, could occur within several seconds of inhaling a high dose of cyanide, but lower doses and ingested cyanide may allow a few hours to a couple of days for treatment. Emergency medical attention is critical. Is there a Treatment for Cyanide Poisoning? Because its a relatively common toxin in the environment, the body can detoxify a small amount of cyanide. For example, you can eat the seeds of an apple or withstand cyanide from cigarette smoke without dying. When cyanide is used as a poison or a chemical weapon, treatment depends on the dose. A high dose of inhaled cyanide is lethal too quickly for any treatment to take effect. Initial first aid for inhaled cyanide requires getting the victim to fresh air. Ingested cyanide or lower doses of inhaled cyanide may be countered by administering antidotes that detoxify cyanide or bind to it. For example, natural vitamin B12,  hydroxocobalamin, reacts with cyanide to form  cyanocobalamin, which is excreted in urine. Inhalation of amyl nitrite may aid breathing in victims of cyanide and also carbon monoxide poisoning, although few first aid kits contain these ampules anymore. Depending on the conditions, complete recovery may be possible, although paralysis, liver damage, kidney damage, and hypothyroidism are possible.

World Music ethnography proposal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

World Music ethnography proposal - Essay Example Fabio Bidini, Piano. 2005) Conductor Ignat Solzhenitsyn: Son of the celebrated Nobel Prize winner, Alexander Solzhenitsyn Ignat is to classical music what his father was to writing. He is now acknowledged to have a fully accomplished career, both as a conductor and as a piano artiste. His musical and heart rending compositions have won him international recognition and appreciation. (Ignat Solzhenitsyn: Conductor. Biography) This marvelous orchestra comprising of local Curtis graduates such as Music Director, Ignat Solzhenitsyn, and artistes from New York, conducts music concerts at the Perelman Theater housed within the Kimmel Center. (Philadelphia Nightlife. The Chamber Orchestra of Philadelphia) Philadelphia Nightlife. The Chamber Orchestra of Philadelphia. The New York Times. Accessed on 15 October 2007 from http://travel.nytimes.com/travel/guides/north-america/united-states/pennsylvania/philadelphia/attraction-detail.htmlvid=1154654657014

Manufacturing process Lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Manufacturing process - Lab Report Example Stroke is the length of travel of rod or piston. Combustion chamber volume is the total of each combustion chamber expressed in cubic centimeters. Deck height volume is obtained from getting the area between the top of the piston and the top of the block when the piston is at the top of the stroke. Head gasket volume is part of the overall cylinder volume. Sweep volume is the displacement of one cylinder. Constant volume is considered the volume into which the swept volume is compressed on each compression stroke. The existing layout consists of a water pump, an alternator and a vibration of damper or there is sometimes the use of crank shaft pulleys. This is done along with the belt tensioner and idler pulley. The design which was used in the manufacture is that which was from the benchmark helping in communication of the components that are in the structure. In proposal that was made on the structure, there exist five numbers of pulleys and a 4PK belt. Auto tensioner that is used in the system is removed and the tensioning that occurs is provided by the alternator and its mounting bracket which functions as the manual tensioning device. The alternator that is used is that which is reduced capacity alternator suiting the requirement of the application motorcycle. The system contains a slot in the upper part and can be supported in its bottom to the alternator mounting bracket. The motion in the support provides the tensioning of the belt. There is an alternative process that can be used in the manufacturing of the system. In the alternative manufacture, there is reduction in the number of pulleys to three with only the water pump, the vibration damper and alternator. In the alternative process, there is use of the same arrangements for tension of the belt. The difference that occurs in the two models is the direction of rotation of the water pumps to clockwise from anticlockwise. Analysis that was carried out in camshaft was mainly on the

Healthcare in the US Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Healthcare in the US - Essay Example Policy issues, adverse economic conditions, and other trends and practices have been cited as some of the fundamental causes of the rise in healthcare costs both in the state, federal, and local governments. The sharp increases in healthcare expenditure have had various negative consequences to other sectors of the economy and the average livelihood of the American citizens. Financial pressure on families, challenges on the part of the employers, and a reduction in spending on other important sectors of the economy are some of the negative consequences of increased healthcare spending. Recent figures show that the rate of healthcare spending is significantly higher than average economic growth. The implication, according to economists, is that the rate of spending on healthcare is much faster than the rate of economic activities in other sectors of the economy. The imbalance in economic activities and healthcare expenditure shows that the levels may not be sustainable in the end (The Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation Web). Usually, economic activities are determined by the manner in which countries devote significant amounts of money to certain sectors with the intention of improving the conditions of trade and the balance of economic systems. The statistics show that healthcare spending has grown by over 3.0 percentage points higher than the nominal GDP. It is necessary to establish some of the intervention measures that the federal, state, and local governments have undertaken in order to reduce the adverse impact of expenditure on the economy. The impact of negative economic growth manifests itself in terms of the various issues that connect with the specifics of economic growth. The question regarding the need to control the healthcare industry continues to polarize the health debate in the United States due to various factors that connect with costs, protection of the citizens, affordability, and quality. Among the objectives raised by the proponents of in creased government regulation of the sector is the matter of checking of rising costs of healthcare and the laxity of employers to meet the costs of employees’ medical insurance premium (The Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation Web). A related concern is the adverse impact of increased spending on healthcare on other important sectors of the economy. Projected increase in healthcare expenditure implies that the government would not be able to cater appropriately for other matters of priority. Proponents of control argue that the general intention of controlling government expenditure aligns with the need to stabilize economic growth. On the other hand, those opposed to the government’s regulatory practices argue that increased regulation would slacken private initiative and discourage investment into the healthcare industry. In line with this argument, critics of government regulation contend that the practice contravenes the letter and spirit of a free market economy for which the United States is famed (Boscheck 75). Those who hold onto this view argue in favor of uncontrolled regulation point towards the need to develop alternative structures of stability as one of the ways through which stability of the healthcare industry and other related aspects of the economy can be controlled. The common impression in the perspectives of critics who challenge the free market healthcare model is that the system has failed. Exorbitant costs of healthca

Literature Review Essay Example for Free

Literature Review Essay Abstract The primary role of literature review in a quantitative research study to gain information on the subject of your research question and identify unbiased and valid studies connected with your research question. For instance, my quantitative research question is â€Å"all other factors being equal, do high school students reading popular fiction achieve better Language Arts test scores than high school students reading curriculum-required fiction? † My hypothesis is that high school students reading popular fiction will outperform the students who read curriculum-required fiction, because if you enjoy reading you will perform better. Then I need to do a literature review to discover if my question has already been answered and I may need to modify it or if there are related studies to my research question that can provide quantifiable research. Introduction Quantitative Research involves collecting numerical data though content analysis, performance tests, personality measures, questionnaires, etc. This type of research procedures include an objective/unbiased approach to collecting numerical data from a large number of participants and analyzes these numbers using statistics in order to answer a specific, narrow research question. As part of research, a literature review is required. A quantitative literature review is an extensive review of literature that may or may not influence the study and your research question (UOA 2013). The primary role of literature review in a quantitative research study to gain information on the subject of your research question and identify unbiased and valid studies connected with your research question. For instance, my quantitative research question is â€Å"all other factors being equal, do high school students reading popular fiction achieve better Language Arts test scores than high school students reading curriculum-required fiction? † My hypothesis is that high school students reading popular fiction will outperform the students who read curriculum-required fiction, because if you enjoy reading you will perform better. Then I need to do a literature review to discover if my question has already been answered and I may need to modify it or if there are related studies to my research question that can provide quantifiable research. Why This Research Question This research question â€Å"all other factors being equal, do high school students reading popular fiction achieve better Language Arts test scores than high school students reading curriculum-required fiction? † needs to be answered. There is a controversy over what types of literature is acceptable for students to have access. One of my favorite book series (Harry Potter) is a banned book in certain states. This research question would add to research already completed. Methodology in the Research Question This research question â€Å"all other factors being equal, do high school students reading popular fiction achieve better Language Arts test scores than high school students reading curriculum-required fiction? † is an experimental research question and a casual research question. An experimental research question tests the cause and effect and a causal research question that test for a cause and effect relationship between variables. The variables in this research question are the independent variable (IV), age, ethnicity, and gender, the dependent variable (DV), assigned popular fiction and curriculum-required fiction, and the covariant (CoV) socio-economic status. Additionally, this question has ratio data. Ratio data is continuous. Ratio data rank order, but also quantify and compare the sizes of differences between them. Ratio data has an absolute zero and allows for how many times greater. The research question can discover how many times greater or less are the test scores of high school students who read popular fiction than those who read curriculum-required fiction. Supporting Research My hypothesis of the research question is that high school students reading popular fiction will outperform the students who read curriculum-required fiction, because if you enjoy reading you will perform better. The other similar research found during the literature review relates to my research. Although, my specific research question has not been fully researched. Other research relates to my question. According to the article, Impact of Students Reading Preferences on Reading Achievement, middle school students in Canada found â€Å"The most significant indicators were reading novels or fictional texts, informative reading or non-fiction, and reading books or other texts from the school library. In-class reading and participation in discussions pertaining to school-related reading were also shown to enhance reading achievement. These results are somewhat surprising in that research documenting this subject mainly emphasizes the use of pedagogical material corresponding to the interests/needs of students to foster achievement in reading† (Bouchamma, et al. 2013). This research shows that reading achievement can come from both required and optional reading. Moreover, according to the article, Reading Attitude and its Effect on Leisure Time Reading, â€Å"gender, educational level, age, and amount of spare time have a positive effect on reading behavior† (Stokmans 1999). Additionally, there is â€Å"a positive relationship between time spent reading fiction and educational level† (Stokmans 1999). This research shows that reading fiction relates positively to reading level. Additionally, according to the article, Popular Publications May Help Students Reading Scores, â€Å"We are concerned about the struggle to increase scores that children are posting on state-required exams not because of the scores themselves, but because they are strong indications that state students may not be gaining the thorough and analytical skills they need to become successful readers† (Michigan Chronicle 1997). This newspaper article shows that popular publications may help students on their reading score. Conclusion This research question â€Å"all other factors being equal, do high school students reading popular fiction achieve better Language Arts test scores than high school students reading curriculum-required fiction? † needs to be answered. This research question addresses the controversy over what types of literature is acceptable for students to have access to. Moreover, this research question would add to research already completed. It would allow  administrators and other educators to decide if certain books can be helpful in high school students learning environments. Bibliography Bouchamma, Y. , Poulin, V. , Basque, M. , Ruel, C. (2013). Impact of students reading preferences on reading achievement. Creative Education, 4(8), 484-491. Retrieved February 6th, 2014 from: http://search. proquest. com/docview/1441488139? accountid=28844 Mia J. W. Stokmans, Reading attitude and its effect on leisure time reading, Poetics, Volume 26, Issue 4, May 1999, Pages 245-261, ISSN 0304-422X, Retrieved February 6th, 2014 from: http://dx. doi. org/10. 1016/S0304-422X(99)00005-4 http://www. sciencedirect. com/science/article/pii/S0304422X99000054 Popular publications may help students reading scores. (1997, Oct 01). Michigan Chronicle. Retrieved February 6th, from: http://search. proquest. com/docview/390200035? accountid=28844 University of Arkansas Libraries (2013, Oct. 30) Literature Reviews. LibGuides. Retrieved February 6th, 2014 from: http://uark. libguides. com/content. php? pid=110370sid=1384703

Impact of Credit Risk Management on Profitability

Impact of Credit Risk Management on Profitability Credit Risk arises because there is a possibility of a risk that the counterparty defaults on the loans and bonds held by the institution (Cornett) The Ultimate advantages of Credit Risk Management are being accepted by Financial Institutions now and Risk Managers are focusing on different Risk Management Models in looking for different Business Opportunities (Heinemann). However in general Financial Institutions that make Loans or buy bonds with long maturities are more exposed than Financial Institutions that make loans or buy bonds with short maturities. This means for example that banks, thrifts and life insurance companies are more exposed to Credit Risk than are money market mutual funds, since Banks and life insurance companies tend to hold longer maturity assets in their Portfolios than mutual funds. (Cornett) Basel is an agreement that requires the imposition of risk-based capital ratios on banks in major industrialized countries. Considering the weaknesses of the simple capital-to-assets ratio, members of Bank for International Settlements (BIS) along with U.S decided to implement two new risk-based capital ratios for all commercial banks under their jurisdiction in 1988. The BIS phased in and fully implemented these risk based capital ratios on January 1, 1993, under what has been known as the Basel Accord (now called Basel I). Credit risks of assets are included into Capital adequacy ratio into Basel Agreement of 1993. This was followed with a revision in 1998 in which market risk was incorporated into risk-based capital in the form of an add-on to the 8 percent ratio for credit risk exposure. In 2001, the BIS issued a consultative document, It was proposed in the basel-II or the new basel system that the operational risk should be the part of Capital requirements with effect from 2007 and updated the credit risk assessments in 1993 agreement. This agreement was adopted in June, 2004. (Cornett) Basel-II or the new basel system consists of three pillars which are discussed below, these three pillars play a vital role in the safety and soundness of the entire financial system. PILLAR 1 CREDIT RISK: On Balance Sheet and Off Balance Sheet (Standardized vs. Internal Ratings Based approach) MARKET RISK: Standardized vs. Internal Ratings Based approach OPERATIONAL RISK: Basic Indicator vs. Standardized vs. Advance measurement approach) PILLAR II Regulatory supervisory review so as to complement and enforce minimum Capital Requirements calculated under Pillar 1 PILLAR III Requirements on rules for disclosure of Capital Structure, risk exposures, and Capital Adequacy so as to increase Financial Institutions transparency and Enhance Market/Investor Discipline. Like in every other Country in Pakistan also the State Bank of Pakistan issued a Road Map or Guidelines for Implementation of Basel-II in Pakistan and the deadline issued by State bank for the completion was December 2006. PROBLEM STATEMENT Capital Regulation, Supervision and Market Discipline are the foundation of Basel-II, and to improve the Risk Management Procedures for bringing stability in the financial System, the Banks and Financial Institutions were required to establish an adequate setup and report to SBP the name and other Particulars of the Person responsible for Implementation before 31st May 2005 We will study the impact of Basel II on the credit risk management by considering two parameters i.e. NPLR and CAR. By studying these ratios, we find out that how Basel II is useful in management and reduction of risk and finally determine the role of credit risk management in increasing the profits of banks. RESEARCH QUESTION As per the background discussed earlier, out task is to research: The impact of credit risk management on the profitability of commercial banks in Pakistan. PURPOSE Our research will find out the importance credit risk management in the profitability of commercial banks in Pakistan and how Basel II helps in reduction of credit risk and management by using some techniques and methods that will control the amount of non-performing loans. The purpose of the research is to explain the impact of credit risk management on profitability of commercial banks in Pakistan, that what is the role of BASEL-II in the management and reduction of credit risk by controlling the amount of non performing loans through methods, Processes and limits imposed in BASEL II. JUSTIFICATION Our research will explain the influence of credit risk management on the profitability of commercial banks. This research will be very helpful for the banking industry in Pakistan as it is directly related to the profitability of banks. It will provide them with the guidelines that how they could manage and minimize the credit as per the rules and regulations provided in Basel document. SCOPE Our research is significant and important in a way that it will determine the dependency of profitability on credit risk management and it will study Basel I and Basel II and determine their difference and whether the regulations in Basel II puts any betterment in managing the risk. LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY We are conducting our research on the private commercial banks of Pakistan based on the conventional banking system. It will help us on concentrating and focusing only on one sector of banking industry and determine valid and authentic results. Public sector banks, Islamic banks, investment banks, micro-finance banks are included in the research. Basel II was put into account from December 2006 that is why we have included the data from financial statements of 2007 to 2009 as we have studying the relation between profitability and credit risk management after Basel II is implemented. The study is limited to two independent variables for measuring credit risk management that are NPLR and CAR, and one dependent variable for measuring profitability which is ROE, the reason for choosing the above mentioned variables will be discussed in the methodology. LITERATURE REVIEW ROE PROFITABILITY INDICATOR ROE (Return on Equity) refers to the ratio of Net Income to the Total equity capital. ROE indicates that how much the bank has earned with the investors capital. It measures that how well and efficiently a company uses its investors funds to generate profit. It is used as a comparative too between two companies or banks. Its the ratio of net income and share holders equity. But in the Case of Bank ROE can be increased if the Capital decreases, but as the Capital decreases, the bank is exposed to risk of insolvency, and thats the reason that regulators continuously monitor the minimum capital requirements for Banks. ROA(Return on Assets) indicates that how efficiently the management uses its assets to generate income. Its the ratio of net income and total assets. Both ROA and ROE are expressed in percentage. CREDIT RISK MANAGEMENT INDICATORS According to a research of Risk management practices followed by commercial banks in Pakistan. It was identified that the major risk faced by banks in Pakistan as well as internationally is the Credit Risk. Because the core banking business is all about creation of Credit, through which commercial banks generate their Profits. When it comes to Credit Risk, the most important aspect are the financing decisions followed by the commercial banks, because ultimately it ends into Credit risk. The State bank has also introduced some tough regulations when financing individual as well as SMEs and Corporate Customers, such as obtaining the BBFS(Borrowers basic fact sheet) and other restrictions as mentioned in the Prudential Regulations. Now what indicates that Credit Risk is increasing for the Banks is the NPLR(Non Performing Loans Ratio) which indicates that the financing generated by the banks are not recovering and as such the Non performing Loans are increasing which ultimately leads to Credit Risk. (Nasr, 2009) CAPITAL TO ASSETS RATIO It measures the Ratio of a Banks Book value of core Capital to the Assets book value. The Lower this Ratio, the more highly leveraged the bank is. Primary or core Capital Banks common Equity (book value) and perpetual preferred stock plus minority interests in consolidated subsidiaries (Cornett). RISK IN BANKS As Banks perform different financial services to their Clients they face many types of risk. There are number of assets in a banks Portfolio which are subject to different types of risks, such as default or Credit Risk. As Banks expand their services, they are exposed to foreign exchange risk. When the Assets and Liabilities in the Balance Sheet of Banks mismatch, they are further exposed to a risk known as Interest Rate Risk. If financial institutions actively trade these assets they are further exposed to Market Risk or asset price risk. Increasingly FIs hold contingent assets and liabilities off the balance sheet which represents off balance sheet risk, Moreover some all Financial Institution and Banks are exposed to some degree of Liability or withdrawal which exposes them to Liquidity risk. Finally the Risk that the Bank may not have enough Capital reserves to offset a sudden loss incurred as a result of one or more of the risks they face creates insolvency risk for the Banks. ( HOUSTON, 2008) CREDIT RISK MANAGEMENT Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR) is used by Regulators of Banking System to assess the Banks financial Position especially the Capital to Assets Ratio as it does not falls below the required level so the bank is stable enough against the losses. State Bank of Pakistan the Regulator of Commercial Banks in Pakistan Monitor the Capital Adequacy Ratio of Commercial Banks to Provide Protection to the Depositors. A minimum Capital Ratio affects the leverage of Commercial Bank since highly leverage commercial Banks are more towards the chance of Credit and Interest rate risk and ultimately falling into Bankruptcy There are major 2 types of Capital for Banks. Tier-I Capital is closely linked to banks book value of equity, reflecting the contribution of a banks owners. Tier two is a broad array of secondary capital resources, which includes the loan reserves upto 1.25 % of risk adjusted assets plus various debt instruments. BENEFITS OF CAPITAL ADEQUACY RATIO In the initial Phase capital adequacy ratio does not take into account different risk Profiles of different class of Money market instruments, since some assets are highly risky and some debt instruments are almost risk free, such as Government bonds, where as the some instruments such as loans granted to Individual by a commercial bank can result in a default which accounts for Risk. So the advantage of Capital adequacy is as it takes into account risk profiles of all investment. (Schweser, 2008) BANKING REGULATIONS IN PAKISTAN The banks in Pakistan works under the BANKING COMPANIES ORDINANCE, 1962 (L VII OF 1962) and THE BANKING COMPANIES RULES 1963 made under the ordinance. (As amended up to 30th June, 2007) (State Bank of Pakistan, 2007)) METHODOLOGY RESEARCH APPROACH While doing the research, we are focusing on our research task and not to go beyond our specified boundary. Thus, were using deductive approach. We are also referring previous researches and theories related to our field of interest because we are studying a general phenomena i.e. relationship between profitability and credit risk management in conventional banking system of Pakistan. We are using quantitative method of study. We analyze the data with the help of regression model and the annual reports of the selected banks. The regression output makes us answer our research question. RESEARCH RESIGN We are conducting the research based on two factors i.e. profitability of banks and credit risk management thats why the design of research is co-relational. Our research will explain the relationship between the two and how credit risk management affects the profitability of banks in Pakistan. RESEARCH STRATEGY We are identifying the impact of credit risk management on profitability and For it, we have adopted the strategy of taking help from the previous records, studies and researches in this field and the statistics and data required for performing the test is obtained from the annual reports of the respective banks available on their websites. SAMPLING The population for the research consists of 20 private commercial banks out of the 54 banks operating in Pakistan. All the 20 chosen banks are working under conventional banking system as we are only focusing on conventional banks and all other banks such as Islamic banks, investment banks, micro-finance banks and public sector banks are not included in our research. The reason for this is to appropriately focus on one sector. On the basis of random sampling, 15 commercial banks are selected: Habib bank Ltd, MCB Bank ltd, Allied Bank Ltd, United Bank Ltd, Standard Chartered, Bank Alfalah, Faysal Bank Ltd, Bank Al-Habib, NIB Bank ltd, My Bank, RBS, Atlas bank, Arif habib Bank, Habib Metropoliton bank, JS Bank and Askari Bank ltd. In this research we are establishing the relation between profitability and credit risk management after implementation of BASEL II in Dec2006, therefore data is obtained from annual reports of 2007 to 2009. There are total 30 observations for each of the var iable used in this research. DATA COLLECTION Data and statistics for the tests are obtained from annual reports of 2007 to 2009. Well consider credit risk management disclosure, financial statements and notes to financial statements within the annual reports of the sample banks. RESEARCH INSTRUMENTS No research instrument is required in our research because the data used to conduct tests is secondary obtained from the annual reports of the banks from 2007 to 2009. DATA ANALYSIS Multiple regression analysis is used in our research i.e. the relationship of one dependent variable to multiple independent variables. The regression outputs are obtained by using SPSS APPLIED REGRESSION MODEL Dependent variable ROE and independent variables NPLR and CAR are considered in our study and all of them are numeric type. Therefore, multiple linear regression model is applied. DEPENDENT VARIABLE In many of the previous researches, ROE is used for the profitability of banks, Therefore, we have also used it as the indicator of profitability in the regression analysis.. According to Foong Kee K. (2008) indicated that the efficiency of banks can be measured by using the ROE which illustrates to what extent banks use reinvested income to generate future profits. INDEPENDENT VARIABLE NPLR and CAR are the indicators of credit risk management and they chosen as the independent variables because credit risk management affects the profitability of banks. NPLR, in particular, indicates how banks manage their credit risk because it defines the proportion of NPL amount in relation to TL amount. NPL amount is provided in the Notes to financial statements under Loans section. And the total loan amount is provided in the balance sheet of the banks in their annual reports. TL amount, the denominator of the ratio, has been gathered by adding two types of loans: loans to institutions and loans to the public. Thus, calculation of the NPLR has been accomplished in following way: NPLR = (NPL amount) Ã · (TL amount) CAR, CAR is regulatory capital requirement (Tier 1 + Tier 2) as the percentage of Risk weighted asset. The bank has to maintain a specific percentage of CAR to manage their Credit risk according to requirement of State bank of Pakistan. The minimum requirement for Banks on consolidated as well as standalone basis has been increased to 10%. RELIABILITY AND VALIDITY While doing the research two concepts must be taken into account i.e. reliability and validity. Reliability refers that the data is consistent and whatever be the conditions, it would be remain same. But its not necessary that every reliable and consistent data is valid. If we have any systematic error in the instrument then every time it would be encountered in the measurement, thus the observations would be reliable but not valid. In our research, we have taken the data from the annual reports of banks available at their websites. These are the official reports made by the rigorous efforts by the management of banks and authenticated by the higher management; therefore the facts and figures in it would be valid as well as reliable and will help us in getting true results. CONCLUSION The aim of the study is to determine the impact of credit risk management on profitability. It is important to note that sample size represents 75% of the total population i.e. private commercial banks. That covers the major portion of the population, giving more accurate results. The results obtained from the regression model show that there is an affect of credit risk management on profitability on reasonable level with 41.8% possibility of NPLR and CAR in predicting the variance in ROE. So, the credit risk management strategy defines profitability level to an important extent. Especially, NPL amount appears to be adding the most weight to that than CAR. CAR is having negative impact on ROE, but on the other hand the significance value of CAR is 0.171which is greater than the p-value i.e. 0.05, which means that the value of coefficient for CAR is zero, making the affect of CAR on ROE nil. Only NPLR is significantly affecting the value of ROE. In the end it is to be recommended that bank should focus on maintaining and controlling amount of non performing loans to ultimately getting higher ROE, which ensures the better profitability.

Roman Empire :: essays research papers fc

Roman empire â€Å"The Romans were a people of genius whose empire dominated the western world for 500 years.†(Pg. 7, Ancient Rome) What made the Romans so powerful was their way of government. It was very similar to the one that we have today, except emperors don’t rule us. The pax romana, or ‘the Roman Peace,’ gave millions of people in Italy and surrounding areas peace. Rome fell when it was invaded by overwhelming tribes and groups of barbarians. Rome was first founded on the legendary date of 735 B.C. The myth of Romulus and Remus was how Rome got its name. The myth was that Mars, god of war, came down to the mortal world and met a human princess. Romulus and Remus were then born shortly after, but abandoned. A She-Wolf nursed them until they were old enough to be on their own. Their dream was to make a beautiful city, and govern it and become powerful. Romulus and Remus had an argument. Which led to a fight to the death. Romulus won, killing his brother Remus. The peoples called his city Rome, after Romulus, who became the founder. Rome’s Symbol is the She-Wolf that nursed Romulus and Remus nursing them. Rome started out as just a group of farmers and Romulus as the emperor. Eventually, the small city-state became larger, and the government stronger, and more sophisticated. In 509 B.C., the Roman Republic was founded. Patricians were the ones who organized the state. Instead of a King, Rome picked 2 magistrates, or consuls, to rule Rome. Eventually, the consuls became too powerful, and the plebeians (peoples of Rome) became angry because they wanted rights equal to those of the consuls in ways. In 494 B.C. the plebs revolted. They elected certain members to be called ‘the Tribunes,’ and be their leaders. The plebs wanted the consuls to notice them. Eventually, after a year of rebelling, the 2 consuls let the plebs have the rights they wanted because in the future, Rome would need some of the plebs to become an army for th e protection of Rome and the conquering of new territory. Eventually, The 2 consuls’ decisions became useful. Rome started to wage wars with its neighbors, the Aequi, Volsci, Celts, and Samnites. For 250 years, the Romans were almost at war constantly. The Romans either made alliances with their neighbor’s or they conquered them.